Direction: Read the following passage carefully and answer the five questions that follow by selecting your answers based solely on the content of the passage and the opinion of the author only. The millet project of the MS Swaminathan Research Foundation had three objectives-to preserve crop diversity in focal millet varieties, to increase production and the consumption of millets, and to enhance farm incomes. The Kolli Hills block of Namakkal district, the project area, is a distinct geographic and agroecological region of the Eastern Ghats, populated by income-poor Scheduled Tribe households. There had been a rapid decline in minor millet cultivation, and a shift in land use towards more profitable crops such as cassava (tapioca), pineapple, coffee, and pepper. As the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) has pointed out, the area under nutri-cereals has declined steeply in India since the mid-1980s-from 41 million hectares in the 1980s to 24 million hectares in 2017-18. The reasons for a shift in land use include low yields. Further, processing of millets is a time-consuming and laborious task, products. undertaken by women. Additionally very little was marketed, and a tiny share of grain was processed into value-added The project intervened in three areas. First, yield enhancement was attempted, using a combination of participatory varietal trials for improved seeds, new agronomic practices, and new technology. Community seed banks were designed and constructed to conserve, restore, revive, strengthen and improve local seed systems. Second, customized post-harvest machineries (pulverizers and dehullers) were introduced. The introduction of small-scale localized mechanical milling, operated by self-help groups, was a game-changer. The third major initiative was training. The Kolli Hills Agrobiodiversity Conservers' Federation (KHABCOFED) was formed to oversee all activities relating to training and value-addition. Ready-to-cook products were branded under the Kolli Hills Natural Foods label and market links established. Net returns from value-added products were five to ten times higher than those from grains. Yields have risen as a result of improved seeds, agronomic practices and intercropping) There have been significant improvements in incomes from millet farming. The shift from hand-pounding to milling has reduced the drudgery for women and encouraged millet consumption. The number of private mills with customized dehullers and pulverizers has risen (and the technology has been marketed to Krishi Vigyan Kendras across Tamil Nadu).
Question: “The introduction of small-scale localized mechanical milling, operated by self- help groups, was a game-changer." What does it mean in the passage?
- AMachinery for processing millets is not advanced enough.
- BSelf-help groups are active in improving machinery for various crops.
- CThe use of improvised local machines for removing husk from millets has been a turning point for millet farming.
- DThe process of milling the millets is at a small scale.
Explanation
The passage says customised pulverizers and dehullers, operated by self-help groups, replaced women's laborious hand-pounding, and calls this shift from hand-pounding to mechanical milling a game-changer that reduced drudgery and encouraged consumption. It was a turning point for millet farming, not a remark that machinery was inadequate (A). Hence C.