Explanation

Article 311 provides constitutional safeguards to members of the civil services: no civil servant can be dismissed, removed or reduced in rank except by the authority competent to appoint them, and only after an inquiry in which they have been informed of the charges and given a reasonable opportunity of being heard. Article 310 covers the doctrine of pleasure, Article 312 the creation of All-India Services, and Article 317 the removal of Public Service Commission members. The safeguard is in Article 311.