Why fluidized bed combustion (FBC) is a more viable and effective option for coal-fired power plants compared to pulverized coal combustion (PCC) systems?

Pullet thermal power plants are one of the most highly polluting industries, run by coal and generating (60-70%) of India's power. Recent (Pollution Science Advisor report) advises against Flue gas desulfurization installation FGD in these plants. Advantages of using ESPs instead of FGDs: (2) FGDs in thermal power plants. (1) High cost of FGDs - reduces viability of thermal power plants. (2) Low adoption of FGDs in thermal power plants - less than 10% across 10 years (since 2015). (3) ESPs - capture PM 2.5 and PM 10 greater pollutants in other phase.

Then ESP offshore by FGD. (4) Simpler and easier concept: ESPs - easier pre-treatment, limited processing vs complicated FGD process. (5) ESPs - waste generated can be used as fly ash for builders or carbon capture. However, FGDs also have their own benefit compared to ESPs. (1) Reduction of gypsum - India imports some, can help reduce foreign bills. (2) Inadequacy of ESPs utilized by many for capturing other pollutants like SO2, heavy metals etc. Thus, the government must push pollution from thermal power plants through both ESPs and FGDs to meet NDCs of Paris agreement.