Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have become an integral aspect of modern conflict and warfare, employed by both state and non-state actors. Discuss its implications for India's security architecture and the measures being taken to address them. Also enumerate steps that could be taken to address the threats emanating from UAVs.

Operation Lindoor law the usage of UAVs by both India and Pakistan while used in Middle East saw its usage by Non State actors like Hezbollah, Hamas, Houthi. Implications for India: (1) Evolving nature of hybrid warfare: • UAVs usage very liberally (2) Need for defence modernization: • Dedicated drone force • Capacity building of DRDO (3) CBRN military fusion requirements: • Drone startups - Caruda etc. (4) Use of proper geospatial technology for precision targeting. (5) NAVIC & QP Sindoor use. (6) Building on defence industrialisation for self reliance.

Measures have been taken: (1) Capacity building of defence PSUs. (2) DRDO has increased research. (3) India has 5 layer knavity sic system for counter drone system. (4) Procurement of BLOO sic devote threat of CAATSA. (5) Akash Air defence system. (6) Defence startups have been leveraged.

Further steps needed: (1) Enhanced startup for Kagel. (2) Capacity building through GPS, Land GPS Technology. (3) GUI - Military Fusion for Innovation. (4) International collaboration for joint-VEH/MWEs (esp Formal Israel drones etc. - Role can lead to more secure and live friendly defence capabilities of India.