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Tropical cyclones generally occur in summer and monsoon season in India and extra-tropical occur in winter season. Diagram showing: Subsiding air, cold water, temperate conditions. Tropical: 1) Formed by subsiding air and anticyclonic circulation (Northern hemisphere). 2) Typically on ocean (SST 27°C). 3) Loses energy after landfall. 4) High speed (some 210+ kph). Temperate: 1) Formed by frontogenesis. 2) Formed on ocean or land. 3) Continues to have energy until occluded (Western jetstream - to bring them to India). 4) Comparatively slow. Formation of tropical cyclones: 1) A low pressure area is formed ocean. 2) Anikthon high pressure area arrives to balance potential.

Continuation of tropical cyclone formation: 3) Coriolis force = Does not allow potential to be balanced = Circulation around depression eye. 4) Heating of air = Cumulonimbus clouds in eye walls (Moisture present above ocean). 5) Movement around eye = Eye's movement towards east (BoB cyclones). Features Extra: 1) Low wind shear. 2) Subsiding air into eye. Formation of tropical cyclones: 1) A low pressure area is formed ocean. 2) Anikthon high pressure area arrives to balance potential (Coriolis force = Does not allow potential to be balanced = Circulation around depression eye). 3) Heating of air = Cumulonimbus clouds in eye walls. 4) Movement around eye = Eye's movement towards east (BoB cyclones).

Continuation from Q.7: Low wind shear, Subsiding air into eye. Coastal Volunteers (DORP of local govt), Coastal barriers (Mangroves, coral reefs), Measures to protect for system, Rain water harvesting, Resilience in extra-tropical cyclones. Coastal EWS SAMUDRA. Climate change has increased scurrence of cyclones in Arabian ocean and BoB and hence, adaptation, mitigation and preparedness is the need of the hour.