Main Body
Continuation of mangrove depletion reasons: 2) Non-implementation of CRZ norms and MPA. 3) Poaching of animals disturbing biodiversity. 4) Growth of invasive species. 5) Climate change and global warming impact on mangroves. Threats/Natural impacts: 1) Increasing cyclones and storm surges frequency (Damage to mangroves). 2) Floods and change in ganga flow = Changing salinity = Affects mangroves. 3) Natural diseases spread to mangroves. Measures taken by govt: PM-MISHTI, Amrit Dharoshan, Global Mangrove Alliance, CRZ and WPIA 1972. More measures required: Coordination with Bangladesh, WB and Central government for holistic policies. Monitoring network in sundarbans for regulation of area. Coordination with locals for bottom-up sustainable planning. Mangroves damage leads to increased risk of mainland and strengthening their adaptation and mitigation must for adoption to climate change.
Conclusion
Mangroves are considered first line of defense along with coral reefs and hence are considered important in coastal ecology. Role of mangroves: 1) Coastal ecosystems (Ecotone regions) = High biodiversity (Bengal Tiger, Fishing cat). 2) High resilience to natural stresses = Sustainable resource for coastal public. 3) Maintain salinity balance on coasts by transpiration and aerial breathing roots. 4) Promote blue economy = agriculture in Sundans. 5) Protect coasts from storm surges and high tides = Low erosion. Reasons for mangrove cover depletion: 1) Anthropogenic = Unsustainable deforestation practices. Mangroves damage leads to increased risk of mainland and strengthening their adaptation and mitigation must for adoption to climate change.
109 words
Atla Tharun Teja
Biodiversity and Environment
Coastal Ecosystem
Mangroves and their ecological role
234
Total words
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Paragraphs
Comprehensive systematic analysis with schemes and measures
Tone