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Tharun TejaAIR 123· 2025

Question Q2GS3GS3

Recent urban floods of Shimla (2023) twice in one season show the impact of anthropogenic activities.

Open scan (p.5)

Main Body

Natural factors: Erratic monsoons due to meteorological phenomena (El-Nino, Bipolar cyclone); Melting of glaciers = GLOFs. Anthropic factors: Climate change causing natural factors (GHG emissions); Encroachment of lakes, wetlands; Urbanisation; Dams, Reservoirs attacking natural flow; Sudden flood of water if waterlevel rises; Illegal sand mining (Legalised in L...).

Local disaster planning; Encroaching wetlands as wastelands EIA; Sponge cities; EWS (IFFLOW, cFLOWs); Flood zoning of plains. Floods increase in recent years show that the focus should be improved on floods in its various forms (averine, urbane, GLOF).

86 words1 paragraphs

Conclusion

Floods increase in recent years show that the focus should be improved on floods in its various forms (riverine, urban, GLOF).

21 words

Diagram

Circular diagram showing 'Measures' with branches: Local disaster planning, Encroaching of wetlands, Sponge cities, EWS (IFFLOW, cFLOWs), Flood zoning of plains

Topper

Tharun Teja

AIR 1232025

Subject & Paper

GS3GS3

Topic

Disaster Management

Urban floods

Causes of urban floods - natural and anthropogenic

Writing Stats

107

Total words

1

Paragraphs

Analytical

Tone