Earthquakes refer to the sudden movement of earth leading to high damage to public infrastructure and lives.

Factors responsible: Natural; Meteorite included earthquakes; Anthropogenic; Mine collapse earthquakes; Reservoir induced earthquakes. Consequences: Landslides (Andaman and Nicobar 2023); Tsunamis (underwater earthquakes, Krakatoa).

Chain of disasters (Earthquake induced Fukushima nuclear disaster). Swift and efficient measures; Resilient infrastructure (Japanese model); EWS (Richter Scale); Away from seismic zones BES. Earthquakes are considered to have high hazard due to its sudden and high impact. Therefore, adaptation and preparedness is necessary.