What makes India one of the most vulnerable regions to climate change? Discuss the role of government, businesses, and businesses in building climate resilience.

According to Climate Vulnerability Index by Germanwatch, India is one of top 10 most vulnerable regions in the world. Reasons for climate vulnerability: Geographic factors: i Himalayas - A region of earthquakes and landslide ii Rivers such as Ganga - floods iii Long coastline - vulnerability to cyclones and sea level rise iv Monsoon - leading to floods and floods due to differential rain

Other factors: i High population density along the river plains and coastal areas. ii High incidence of poverty - reduced resilience to climate shocks. iii Infrastructure deficit due to poor investment in mitigation and resilience Role of the following in building climate resilience: Government: - Supportive policies that focus on resilience in the infrastructure creation - Implementation of climate goals and fulfilling NDCs - renewable energy (50%) of total, carbon sink creation - Resilience in agriculture through approach such as

Climate smart agriculture Citizen: following climate friendly activities (e.g.- reduced mindless consumption, reduced wastage, use of public transport) - Participation in drills, generation of ideas to build resilience Businesses: sustainable practices in manufacturing, use of renewable energy, following of the ESG principles, innovation in cleaner tech. All the stakeholders are required to mitigate the effects of climate change. India being one of the most vulnerable country need to collaborate and implement practices that reduce the effects of climate change.