Monsoon system is a pan-India phenomenon (also present in some other pockets of the world) which is a result of presence of favourable conditions over the continent in summers.

Mechanism of monsoon system: (1) Warming of Indian continent in summer leading to development of low pressure region. (2) This causes air to move from high pressure region in Indian Ocean towards land. (3) While moving, winds carry huge amount of moisture with it. (4) 2 Branches - Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal to cause rain in different parts of region. This monsoon is called South West monsoon, responsible for rainfall in majority of India. Other retreating part is North East monsoon for T.N. coast. Difficulty in accurately predicting monsoon pattern: (1) Rise in climate change making all natural phenomena getting abrupt. (2) Connections with other global phenomena like ENSO, IOD, AMOC etc. (3) Changed nature of heat distribution due to differential heating of some parts of Earth g Asia is warming at twice the rate of world WHO. The unpredictability can be reduced by investing in R&D eg. Project Mauryan by IMD to prevent farmers from losses.