What are the suitable conditions for the formation of a tropical cyclone? Also, bring out differences between a tropical and an extra-tropical cyclone.

Tropical cyclones refers to the weather phenomena that occur in the tropical regions due to interaction of warm oceans and wind patterns. Suitable conditions for the formation of tropical cyclones are: i Sea surface temperature SST over 25°C. ii Low vertical wind shear. iii Upper air divergence ocean/sea iv Strong presence of Coriolis force v Calm environment These conditions are usually developed during the end of monsoon — August and September.

Differences between a tropical and extra-tropical cyclone: i Regions — tropical cyclone are formed between equator and tropic of cancer whereas temperate cyclones are formed in temperate regions. ii Tropical cyclones are formed in sea and travel towards lands. Temperate cyclone can form on land as well. iii Temperate cyclones are formed as a result of formation of polar front. iv Temperate cyclones are more destructive in nature. Cyclones leads to devastation and disrupting on land — saltwater ingress, demolition of houses and infrastructure. Early warning systems and preparedness help in mitigating the effects.