[Question about agricultural sector and marketing]

Agricultural Marketing in India is mostly regulated through the APMC acts of various states. Significance of Agricultural Marketing in India 1) Acting as a growth driver for the agriculture sector. by 45.7% of Indian labour force 2) APMCs as a common market 3) Allows for better price discovery of produce 4) Inputs and various services are available at agriculture markets by eg Packaging, weighing, storage by Challenge of taxes 5) Highly restrictive and monopolistic 2) Cartelization by the brokers 3) High fees and levies - from 15% of value of produce 4) Lack of proper SPS measures eg USA rejected a consignment of Oileds 5) Market proximity of 450 km by M.S. Swaminathan committee suggested distance of 80 km. 6) High post-harvest losses eg 12,000 cr (Ministry of FPI) 7) Spoilage and lack of proper storage eg 31% of produce, but only 14.5 mt or 17.1% of storage 8) Low price discovery and distress sales eg Only 25-40.7% of prices in market 9) Lack of penetration of e-NAM by eg Only 383 APMCs, -14.7%