Discuss the challenges and opportunities for MSMEs in India.

MSMEs are small, medium and micro enterprises of India that generate 35% of the output and 45.56% of the exports. There are more than 6 lakh cr. Multitude of Challenges: 1) Disruption of Dushal farms over infant firms - Economic Survey 2) Lack of availability of timely credit - Credit Suisse 3) Hudge winter and low survivability eg. 85000 startups closed in 2023. 4) Regulatory fatigue and overlapping laws eg. 50,000 obligations in labour codes Financial Times 5) Lack of skilled manpower eg. Only 51% of graduate are employable - India Skill Report 2021 Measures to Support MSMEs: 1) Reconfiguration of SEZs on GSEs to economic & employment enclaves - Baba Sahaj committee 2) Limiting incentives for dual entry to provide to infant firms 3) Recapitalisation of FTAs to benefit Indian MSMEs by Surajit Dhalla committee 4) Push to create in India, rather than just Assemble in India eg. China + 1 strategy MSMEs provide employment to 11 crore people in India and they need effective support to become the stars of industrialisation.