Discuss the role of Public-Private Partnerships (PPP) as an investment model for India's infrastructure development. Why are PPPs not a panacea for all infrastructure-related performance problems?

Role of PPP in India's infrastructure development => (1) Technology innovations with the presence of private sector => Beautification of railway stations in Bengaluru. => (2) Governance becomes better with transparency. => Shared responsibilities, best practices of private sector are brought.

=> (3) Utilization of resources becomes efficient. => In the construction of Mumbais tea bridge. => (4) Design and aesthetic appearance improves. => Airport of Hydrabad. => (5) Funds availability is a major advantage. => In the construction of sea ports. => (6) FDI attraction into the infrastructure projects. => Japani BFI. Problems in PPP model => (1) Delay in the completion of the projects. => The construction of

=> (4) Decentralized system with better governance. => Removes hurdles in registration. => (5) The bureaucratic red-tapism gets checked. => Through constant tracking. => (6) Better identification of the beneficiaries. Obstacles present => (1) Digital divide in the country. => TPAT segment on telemity [25%] in rural and 52% in urban areas respectively. => (2) Hoarding and Diversion are the issues present.

=> (3) Skilled personnel are very less in number. => (4) Digital infrastructure usage and its presence is very low in country. => (5) Awareness among the public on ONORC is a challenge. => (6) Error of inclusion and exclusion. => (7) Financial inclusion challenge in rural areas. => Around 28/ bank accounts are dormant in India.