How does agricultural runoff containing fertilizers and pesticides contribute to environmental pollution? What measures can be taken to mitigate the impact of agricultural runoff?

Agricultural runoff means escape of fertilizer pesticide & other chemicals from farm to other area like water bodies. Agricultural Runoff & Environmental Pollution (1) Eutrophication: Due to excess nutrient in water bodies. Eg. Nayagarh, Jheel (2) Death of Marine Life: due to eutrophication & lower oxygen productivity. (3) Soil Pollution: Due to excess nutrient cause imbalance in soil composition. Eg. Order soil have excess urea. (4) Low Yields: If crops cannot extract excess nutrients and inputs causing global harm.

III. Government Level: (1) Promote organic & nano fertilizer. Formula, low input & high yield. Eg. National Mission on organic farming (2) Encourage Stably to reduce wastage of fertilizer & pesticide. Eg. PM-BSRCH Scheme (3) Fallow Stockism Conversion to ban DOP fertiliser. Conclusion: Govt must use participative approach to ensure mitigation of agricultural runoff to build SMART, sustainable & resilient farming & environmental action.