What are the key drivers behind the recent changes in cropping patterns across the country?

Cropping pattern refers to the type of crops being planted in different regions on different seasons. Recent changes in cropping patterns : 1) Shift of rice-wheat system northward towards UP, Punjab, Haryana. 2) Plantation wares being shifted to higher altitudes in Himalayas. 3) Rising cultivation of millets, heatwave etc. Reasons/drivers of these changes : 1) Changing weather pattern - due to climate change causing wheat cultivation in colder region of North. 2) Increasing climate stress has lead to

shift toward climate resilient crops like millets. 3) Government policy is incentivizing growth of millet through subsidies/credit. 4) Market dynamics - rising demand for heathen like due to consumer spending. 5) Export dynamics - demand for Indian cotton, fruits & T cultivation. 6) Availability of irrigation has lead to water intensive crops like rice in stressed regions like Rajasthan. as climate change further lead to shift in cropping pattern, government policy needs to adapt to ensure food security and remunerative agriculture.