Missile defence systems are becoming critical for national security in the face of evolving regional threats and advanced weapon technologies. Explain the working principle of missile defence systems. Critically assess India's progress in developing indigenous missile defence capabilities. (Answer in 150 words)

Missile defence systems' crucial role in security was outlined during recent Operation Sindoor and Pakistan-India clashes. Working Principle: Defence system sends off missile to target the incoming one and puts it down. Diagram illustrates incoming missile hitting defense system, which launches amassing missile.

Various examples: S-400 Russia, Iron dome Israel, Golden dome (Proposed by USA). India's Progress: 1) Indigenous systems: Akaastur System and Indrajaal. Research and development by DRDO ongoing. Yet Challenges: 1) Lack of R&D spending - only 0.7% of GDP. 2) Greater import dependency, eg. S-400 Russia. 2025 - Year of Reforms declared by Defence Ministry is a step in right direction.