Intricate inter-play of diverse factors has been the force multipliers for extremism in the North East. Discuss. Suggest a multilayered strategy to tackle the menace of extremism in this region.

Insurgency in Manipur has resulted in 260+ deaths & over 60,000 displaced in just 2 years, highlighting fragile peace of North East region. Diverse factors: (1) Lack of economic growth compared to rest of India (Example: Entire region only accounts for 0.7% of industrial value of India) (2) High youth unemployment (Highlighted by NAXARA committee) (F2): 19.1% in Manipur NSS (3) Poor connectivity with rest of India's NATOW highway corridor (4) High illegal immigration from Bangladesh, Myanmar etc. (5) Proximity to golden triangle > drug smuggling (Laos, Myanmar, Thailand) > Rs. 2600 crore worth in 2023 (6) Imposition of AFSPA leading to lack of trust with govt & violation of human rights (7) Face racial discrimination (Bezubari committee) (8) Arms smuggled across Myanmar border (No fencing due to FMC) (9) Delays in peace talks > 28 MTA in Mizoram

Multi-layered Strategy: (1) Addressing economic deprivation > PM DEVINE (2) Building of infrastructure in border areas > BADP (3) Promoting surrender via rehabilitation policy (F3) Success in Tripura (4) Increasing connectivity (F3) Agartala-Athwarun railway (5) NRC to handle illegal immigration (6) Strengthen border security to reduce smuggling (F3) FMR scripted IBMS (7) Promoting participatory governance & autonomy via 6A Schedule > autonomy to Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Tripura, Mizoram (8) Quote: The battle against extremism is not just about guns but about building roads, schools & winning the trust of the local - Amit Shah (Home Minister)

Success in Tripura. Increasing connectivity (F3) Agartala-Athwarun railway. NRC to handle illegal immigration. Strengthen border security to reduce smuggling (F3) FMR scripted IBMS. Promoting participatory governance & autonomy via 6A Schedule > autonomy to Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Tripura, Mizoram. Quote: The battle against extremism is not just about guns but about building roads, schools & winning the trust of the local - Amit Shah (Home Minister).