Discuss the importance of integrating traditional ecological knowledge of India's tribal communities with modern disaster management frameworks. Mention two examples where indigenous practices have contributed to disaster resilience.

The recently amended Disaster Management Act (2005) aims to follow the principle of subsidiarity in disaster management framework. Importance of integrating traditional ecological knowledge in DM framework: (1) Promote proactive management rather disaster response. (2) Ensure sustainability in DM framework (3) Mostly at low cost due to natural practice usage. (4) Suited to local conditions as developed through centuries of knowledge. (5) Inclusive in nature as use of locally available methods. (6) Promotes ecosystem and hence multidimensional benefits like pollution etc solved too. (7) Ensures repository of traditional knowledge via TKDL. Two examples where indigenous practices have contributed to disaster resilience: (1) KOYA tribe of Andhra and Telangana - use natural water storages in rock caverns, caves etc. - Stone practice use documented in mission Kakatiya & Telangana for drought resilience (2) Maldhari tribe of Gujarat: - use of traditional techniques to control grassland fires. (3) Irula tribe of Kerala - use trees as natural retention wall against landslide - it was recently recommended during Idukki landslides.