Waste circularity is emerging as a sustainable solution to India's mounting solid waste crisis. Discuss the key principles of waste circularity and the government's initiative in this regard. How effective have these measures been in fostering a circular economy? (Answer in 250 words)

In India just 70% of waste generated is collected & just 20% is processed CPCB. With waste generation doubling over 2019-24 there is need to adopt circular design. (Principles of Waste Circularity) (1) Promotes reduce of waste instead of dumping it (2) Promotes re-cycling of waste to produce new useful products (3) Extraction of valuable material from waste (4) Promotion of waste to wealth (5) Energy generation

(Government Initiatives) (1) Extended producer responsibility EPR & Producer Responsibility organizing set up via E-waste Rules (2) Promotion of waste to energy plants (3) Gobardhan scheme (4) Power tariff rules; power plants mandated using treated sewage water (5) 100% utilization of fly ash mandated in pavement plants (6) Use of plastic in road construction (7) Agro-Waste carbon negative building material out of agricultural residue (8) Ban on single use plastics