Chemical pollution poses a grave threat to human health and the environment in India. Discuss the key sources contributing to pervasive chemical contamination and evaluate the effectiveness of existing environmental laws in curbing this problem.

As per recent report of Central Ground Water Authority, ground water in India has major pollutants such as Nitrites, fluorides, Uranium endangering public health and sustainability. Key sources of pollution chemical: 1) Agriculture sector: Excessive chemical pesticides and fertilizers enter water through run-off 2) Excessive extraction: Lawn/Open extraction increase chemical concentration such as Uranium 3) Industrial sector: Body in Himachal run-off from pharma units pollute rivers i) Wastewater: Lacking treatment facility directly enter rivers and lake, missed chemical used Grafting a mechanism: 1) Central Pollution control board set-up under Water Act Responsible to Reduce and manage water pollution 2) schemes - Namami Gange and Jal Jeevan Mission

Issues: - Fragmented approach to water management - Lack to green gauze management - Poor capability of SPCB and contamination - Use of technology to evaluate chemical load Measures: - Involve all sector: Pani Samiti and Women group - Enforcement and inspection of industries Reducing per capita water availability and rising pollution calls for urgent actions to manage critical water resources of country.