While examining the shortcomings of the land reforms in the past, elaborate what land reforms 2.0 should look like. (Answer in 250 words)

Land Reforms in India are Gandhian ideals for sarvodaya; directed Gandhian and Article 34abc of Indian Constitution for social justice & land equity. Land Reforms 1.0: Achievements: 1. Abolition of Zamindars. 2. millions of tenants were empowered with land. 3. Successful land consolidation in Kerala & West-Bengal. 4. Bhodan movement (Vinobha Bhave). Shortcomings of Land Reform 1.0: 1. Benami transarction of zamindars' property - concentration of wealth. 2. legal loopholes - joint landlholding distributed into individuals of family.

3. Zamindar Hegemony in local govt. eg local bureaucracy. 4. lack of land-holding data - major land disputes. 5. Judicial constitutional interpretation of Right to Property (earlier Article 31) barrier to DPSP implementation. 6. Illiteracy and poverty - weak civil society activism. 7. Failure of cooperative movement due to weak political will. 8. Estates State focus more on Industries; less on Agriculture (skewed Federal focus). Land Reforms 2.0: 1. Digitalization of land records (SWAMITVA for farmer-empowered). 2. Demand-driven participative model of reforms:- eg Telangana Rythu Bharosa. 3. Modern tenancy reforms (eg. NITI Aayog Model leasing basis). 4. Focusing on land productivity through irrigation efficiency up and mechanisation (only 40%). 5. Transforming peasants into entrepreneurs with AI-driven agriculture (eg. Plantix for disease assment, PRAMAN for quality gauging). 6. Introducing National Commodity Exchanges for effective price-realisation. 7. Area-wise, Crop-wise (PODD-Wise) - Insurance, Irrigation, Subsidies, credits (Vaidyanathan committee).

8. Modern tenancy reforms (eg. NITI Aayog Model leasing Basis). 4. Focusing on land productivity through irrigation efficiency up and mechanisation (only 40%). 5. Transforming peasants into entrepreneurs with AI-driven agriculture (eg. Plantix for disease assment, PRAMAN for quality gauging). 6. Introducing National Commodity Exchanges for effective price-realisation. 7. Area-wise, Crop-wise (PODD-Wise) - Insurance, Irrigation, Subsidies, credits (Vaidyanathan committee). With Land Reform 2.0, Indian farmers can realise the goal of Union Budget 2025 - food basket of the World.