Question 1GS3GS3

Mangroves play a critical role in the well-being of coastal communities and biodiversity. Elaborate. Also, discuss the recently launched MISHTI scheme in this context.

Main Body

Mangroves are closed exiotic littoral plants formations of tropical & subtropical sheltered coastlines (30°North to 30°South). • India has a mangrove cover of 5000 sq km approx. • As rightly mentioned above mangrove play a critical role in ecosystem providing & well-being of coastal communities by biodiversity: [1] Carbon Sinks: Mangroves are 3-5 times more efficient than rainforest covering area for carbon sequestration. They help in battling climate change. They have rich peat soil & high levels of carbon. [2] Reducing the impact of Cyclones by Tsunamis: Mangroves near shoreline reduce the impact of cyclones & tsunamis. Reduces wave height up to 60%. Reduces erosion & flood risk. Protect agricultural land from saline water. A 100 m dry forest can reduce the destructive storm by 30%. [3] Caters to huge biodiversity: Mangroves have huge biodiversity of protected & endangered animal/species ex: Sea turtles, Royal Bengal Tiger, Crocodiles, Fishing cats. [4] Maintain Ocean water clean: Acts as a filter & reduce excess nutrient flowing into the ocean. Helps in nutrient recycle. [5] Impedant Fisheries: Local communities depend on many types available in mangroves. [6] Eco-tourism: Has great potential to keep mangrove intact. [7] Home to many tribal communities for survival through joint produce. Some prominent mangroves in India are: Sundarban-largest, Bhitarkanika-2nd largest. Some threats to mangroves are: Natural-Cyclones, Tsunamis, case-eating young seedlings of mango, (coastal development & destruction) of mangrove for fisheries & aquaculture.

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Conclusion

Recently the government of India has launched MISHTI (Mangrove Initiative for Shoreline Habitat & Tangible Incomes) Scheme for better regeneration & utilization of the mangrove system. Key features: 1) Expansion of mangroves ocean, it aims, at increasing the area of mangrove cover (i.e. increase by 550km2) in 13 coastal states by UTCs. Eastern & western coast. 2) Green push: Part of a large scheme to drive India's commitment towards Paris agreement. 3) Integration to various other schemes: To make local community more inclusive & integrated to MANREAN, which from compensation affectation fund. 4) Collaboration private entities to inculcate plantation techniques, prevention measures, public participation, management practice. A mangroves are very important for both terrestrial & marine ecosystem. Thus protecting them is very crucial to ensure well-being of both ecosystem. This step by government of India introduced at the right time to ensure the well-being of mangroves with timely intervention by involving local communities.

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Page 1

Topper

SAYALI BHIKA PAGAR

AIR 872023

Subject & Paper

GS3GS3

Topic

Biodiversity and Environment

Coastal Ecosystem

Mangroves

Writing Stats

387

Total words

Paragraphs

Bullets

formal

Tone