Discuss the major challenges of crowd control in large socio-religious gatherings and congregations in India. In the light of NDMA's "Suggestive Framework for Preparation of Crowd Management Plan for Events and Venues of Mass Gathering", suggest measures to prevent stampede incidents.

India has faced numerous crowd control failures, the most recent one in Hathras, which led to death of nearly 167 people. Challenges in Crowd Control: 1) Lack of scientific exit plane and route demarcation in socio-religious gatherings. 2) Floating of rules and inoptimum laying capacity of structures. eg: Liunie of 80 people => would walk in Taj Mahal. 3) Lack of fire safety norms and availability of fire extinguishers. eg: Uphaas Cinema, 1997. 4) Emotionally charged environment => rioted overwhelming. eg: Kumbh Mela 1954.