Describe the various mechanisms available for the resolution of disputes concerning the use, distribution, or control of inter-state rivers. Also, state the reasons for their limited success.

Though water is a state subject but inter-state water or rivers are under central list of the schedule therefore mechanism established by parliament. Mechanism also to resolve inter-state river disputes:- (1) Article-262 - Dealing with inter-state river dispute. Parliament enacted by laws:- i Inter-State River Board Act, 1956 River Boards are create e.g., Godavari River Board, Sutichina, camery etc.

Reasons for limited success:- (1) Multiple forums and delays in process - River Board to tribunal to supreme court. (2) Historical issues - Multilingual states, leased by Articles to Tamil Nadu. (3) Technical difficulties - How to distribute water and bombs of these with limited supply structure. (4) Political - Politicization by states for votebunks politics. As water is a national resource need to be utilized most efficiently & equitably, there need of cooperative federalism as envisaged by NITI Aayog for Water Bharat at 2024.