The federal character of a nation comprising elective bodies at different levels is best secured through a bicameral legislature. In this context, discuss how a bicameral legislature supports federalism in India. What additional measures can be taken to strengthen the federal structure and ensure effective representation of states in national governance?

The Government of India Act 1919 provided for the bicameralism at centre level, which since then has become the hallmark of federalism in India. Bicameral legislature: 1) Representation to states in Rajya Sabha to the largest national legislative forum. 2) Integration of state's independent forum in policy making and passing of bills => all budgetary, constitutional and financial bill (1) (4) need Rajya Sabha's assent. 3) Governance redressal forum between states and centre through joint sitting (Art 108). 4) Vice-President of India belongs to the Rajya Sabha. 5) Power of the Rajya Sabha's elected MPs to vote for president. 6) Art 312 and 249 => All India service and national laws by state list kept.