The persistent health equity challenges in India pose a critical barrier in achieving Universal Health Coverage. In this context discuss the role of the public and private sectors in ensuring adequate health access and outcomes across rural and urban areas.

Independence affected because: i lack of power to punish prevent anything more than lip service towards victims ii Absence of independent members not appointment (lacking political patronage) iii Treated as a 'sidecare' (post retirement job) NMECs effectiveness maybe enhanced by giving it constitutional status iv Constitutional status to body v Chairman to be from CJI only (as presently held) vi Equal representation to depressed classes by expert body As the messiah of the masses (especially prisoners) NMEC must be empowered both and nail from teeth to tail.

Universal Health Coverage under SDG 4.0 remains an unrealised dream due to following health equity challenges i Public domain hospitals insufficient: reputation of negligence, understaffed & stocked. ii Private hospitals out of reach of poor iii Poor insurance rates (insurance penetration rates) iv High OOPE: Out-of-Pocket Expenditure v NITI Aayog's 'Missy Middle': roughly GO crore not covered by Govt scheme. vi Health access hurt through concentration in urban areas, highly dispersed in rural/tribal habitation.

Role of public sector i Means as masses' accessibility, equity availability especially for underprivileged CSCs ii Large scale delivery of services PHC (Primary Health Care Centres) in all geographic zones iii Maintaining Allied Health registry iv Under PMJAY ensuring preventive medicine v Disease surveillance initiatives CSDSP (Integrated Disease Surveillance Programmes) vi Research & Development vi ICMR (Health Biotechnology) Role of private sector: Word Biotech i Ensuring tertiary care management ii Advancement in newest diagnostic techniques iii Apollo diagnostics that bought robotic surgery

iii Medical tourism: improving India's trade imbalance iv Scientific Collaboration while their role & contribution may not overlap everything, they are significant in that they must converge for justice delivery in services (e9) NIMMANS public tie up with private hospitals in Bangalore to run KHUT clinics (adolescent health clinics) whilst aids public institution in outreach while allows private openies to also participate in subsidised health care delivery

SDG's localisation was mooted by UNESCO in order to improve its uptake as a concept at grassroot levels Regional context important (diagram showing context consideration) i most issues are localised ii Hunger in tribal belts distant from hunger in slums malnourished children (hunger types) yet calorific hunger iii Need for tailor-made solutions e SDG 13 for livelihoods on climate change affecting Odisha cyclones is different from climate change in Rajasthan (heat stroke) iii Specific local events Eg clean energy SDG 7.0 in Rajasthan i.e solar- varied central MP is bigots governor)

Panchayats as role et catalysts to i Ensures participatory governance & democratic decentralisation ii Principle of subsidiarity: effect where inputs are PBRF mostly power created there. iii Sharing principle: own trustees. Panchayats advancing sustainable development i Through gram sabha participation it consensus driven engagements e In IMIM scheme in rural Karnataka children refused to cut food made by Dalit =) need holistic intervention at all state machinery with panchayat chairperson to ensure practice did not disrupt SDG 2.0 attainment=) zero hunger Similarly diversification natives seen during shift towards community forest management CFM need for SDG's 14.0 achievement =) fishermen & kerala (N eruclded in bottom travellers) can only be chayed through intervention at local level panchayat: by institutions as 3rd space of governance impact the allotment of SDG goals. Some SDG localisation success stories (diagram with map showing River seven jewels, Other Arunachal Naramthalu)

Similarly decentralization natives seen during shift towards community forest management CFM need for SDG's 14.0 achievement =) fishermen & kerala (N eruclded in bottom travellers) can only be chayed through intervention at local level panchayat: by institutions as 3rd space of governance impact the allotment of SDG goals. Some SDG localisation success stories (diagram with map showing River seven jewels, Other Arunachal Naramthalu)