Recently formulated 'joint doctrine for cyberspace operations' by Indian armed forces will lead to strengthening of the cyber-security posture for both conventional operations as well as gray zone warfare. Examine.

Cyberspace is increasingly becoming complex and threatening national security by stagering critical information infrastructure CII. Joint doctrine for cyberspace operations (1) Enhancing coordination and cooperation amongst different agencies. (2) Information sharing mechanisms established. (3) Both proactive and reactive measures to cyberspace & information security, att retrieval, protection etc protection of data etc. This will strength both— traditional as well as grey zone ventures as—

> Protection of Critical Information Infrastructure like— Transport data, Computer systems, Electricity grids, Financial markets, Wetland etc. 2) Threat perception & capacity enhancement— ①Training & capacity building of armed forces. 2) Enhance intelligence capabilities and surveillance measures. However [issues remains— ①Data protection ②Inter capacity limited library of armed forces. [Way forward] ①International collaboration (②) ITU, military exchange agreements etc. ②Indigenous capacity enhanced. The doctrine for cyberspace operations is a welcome step to enhance India's capabilities.