Urban heat islands (UHIs) have become a significant phenomenon in Indian cities, exacerbating the frequency and intensity of heat waves. Analyze the underlying factors contributing to this phenomenon and critically assess the existing mitigation strategies.

Climate on Indian subcontinent influenced through a Role II: Indian Ocean by contributes to High pressure development in Summers leads to setting up of the Indian Monsoon to replace continental low pressure area b Mascarene High on West coast, near Mozambique pushes up the [ITCZ] - alters the setting up of monsoon winds c Setting up of typical monsoon type of climate [rain concentrated in Granules] in areas like Singapore, Indonesia as well Indian Oceans play vital role in regulating climate of the subcontinent

UHI effect refers to the deleterious consequences of cement judges [UHIs and heat-waves] UHIs due to poor ventilation due to densely packed urban jungle cement has low albedo no green cover affecting heat in the region Increased heatburn in urban heat islands by dump estimate city centers ~2°C hotter than periphery [Underlying factors contributing to this] (1) Institutional factors by Poor planning of urban landscapes by no parks/creeping buildings