What do you understand by interoperability in e-governance? What steps have been taken by the government to ensure interoperability and integration of various e-governance systems? (Answer in 250 words)

E-governance refers to systems and processes by government carried on by digital technology, which allow long systems and ones delivering human effort and enhance transparency. UNESCO Interoperability in e-governance -: (1) It means that various levels of governance processes are interconnected (2) All using one platform - o user should have access to other systems to (2) Bharat Bill format (3) This increases ease of living and governance as both users and providers (government|private|Business) is easily using such systems

Steps to ensure interoperability & integration are: (1) To have interconnected systems to ensure all information at one place (e4) Digitalacen fraud certificate (2) To have single window approach through such systems e PARIVESH portal for environment clearances (3) Government websites and their departments are connected under gov.in systems (4) IRTN timing and Aadhar revolution has helped in identification and kyc functions at many place e Aadhar - UDWIN link (5) To have flexible systems for easier transition for services (e4) Aadhar care indices to update records equal from the public (6) states and state-centric interoperability is also being built for single window processes (e7) state and website having URL for nation website (7) INDIA architecture for e-governance (But concerns to such systems) e digital divide - TRAI - only 13% have missing out on non-digital - Aadhar - HUNKEYA seeking in [illegible] cyber crime - privacy - healthcare led to denial of Ration

These solutions like in taking governance widely through utmost (PM-WANI), greater awareness (PGM-DISHA) and gradual integration to web-based governance