Compare and contrast the features of ancient Indian universities like Nalanda and Takshashila with modern state-funded universities in India. What lessons can modern universities learn from ancient ones to improve their effectiveness?

With Nalanda university open to all in its modern avatar, the ancient university shames again. Nalanda & Modern State-Funded Universities i Patronage: royalty; Patronage: ecclesiastically Govt (117 Mints) But have reserved down from students through fees, etc ii Rich donors; Govt funding from 20 villages live aside by Norska for patronage; [Humble Roy records] iii Fees: Nominally to all; Fees: Not affordable by all (IIT Madras, per semester fee is 38k rupees) iv Merit based acceptance only v Composition: mostly (Composed of largely Indian teachers & foreign students only ever in premier institute) vi Chariotta, Sukkrita & Mycshette; Liberalism & autonomy in functioning vii Place of openness to all forms of thought viii Mostly religious education received ix Ethan reserved Mahayan Buddhism [What modern institutes can learn from past] i Self-sufficiency/autonomy: preventing state director on Curriculum to ensure education not

ii Composition: mostly Composed of largely Indian teachers & foreign students only ever in premier institute iii Chariotta, Sukkrita & Mycshette iv Liberalism & autonomy in functioning v Place of openness to all forms of thought vi Mostly religious education received vii Ethan reserved Mahayan Buddhism What modern institutes can learn from past: i Self-sufficiency/autonomy: preventing state director on Curriculum to ensure education not ii Functioning under mandate of MA&D education-subject to disputes iii Restricted dismissal of opinion of alienation iv TU SC Bangalore student not permitted/women Ad vigil v Secular education only-religions not permitted [What modern institutes can learn from past] i Self-sufficiency/autonomy: preventing state director on Curriculum to ensure education not