Discuss with examples the key features of Vijayanagara architecture. How did Indo-Islamic elements manifest in their structures?

The Vijayanagara empire beginning in 14th century held sway till 16th century (Battle of Talikota 1565). Key features of Vijayanagara architecture: i Largely modeled along the Dravidian school of temple architecture ii Temple-tank/pond in premises iii Boundary/enclosure-wallery off iv Presence of dooragalas v The Vimana is step-flaked, longer and longer vi Mandapa and gopuram-like ambulatory passageway connected vii Architecture of the regular buildings, brick & stone Manji worshipersed in 1800s viii Architecture of large public buildings ix Palaces: Not absolute but made of stone

Architecture of large public/long buildings ix Palaces: Not absolute but made of stone x Ceremonial dairies xi Aquduct/irrigation facilities with canals running through heart of city Hampi is a historical city & capital of Vijayanagara kingdom, archetype of its grandeur. It possesses all characterized structures. Indo-Islamic elements manifesting: i In temple architecture: porticos jutting out ii In irrigation cords: inspired by Lodh Bagh style of Babur

iii Large public structures assemble to general public from all sides iv Built on banks on Hampi Harpa river similar to many of the Vijayanagara Ironic works Despite the influences, the Vijayanagara architecture stood on its own merit as a style of its own. Due to varying typological specifications used in Vijayanagara architecture it's a distinct form