The 103rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 2019 has introduced a new dimension to the principle of affirmative action in India. Critically examine its implications for the broader goal of social justice. (Answer in 250 words)

103rd Constitutional Amendment has introduced Reservation for economically backward population @ 10% including participation in government jobs and education institutions. New dimension to be principle of affirmative action: 1) Economic criteria for reservation: Move from caste based to income level as criteria for reservation. 2) Inclusive: EWS reservation ensured exclusion of non weary layers. 3) Social Justice: Recognise poverty and deprivation of poor classes. 4) Better Targeting: Income criteria of 2EUC and property ensure exclusion of non needy layers. 5) Better affirmative policy: Affirmative policy objective to uplift downtrodden being fulfilled. Issues with EWS reservation for broader good of social justice: 1) Affirmative policy not for proportional representation but for de-elimination based on caste. 2) Perpetual division on basis of income level among general population. 3) Reduced Share of Seats for SC and ST community as cant be considered in 10% seats. 4) Difficulty in hold back: Done implemented it would be difficult to scale down. 5) Breach 50% limit under Indira suwecy case. Reverse discrimination. 6) Misuse of income certificates due to lack of data on income.

Measures to be considered: 1) Limited period reservation under EWS 2) Capacity building through education and cash transfers 3) Regular income level revision 4) Robust implementation system: Conduct income survey Economic criteria based reservation so step in right direction to wavery in long run capacity building and economic support should be used to uplift masses.