Question 14GS2GS2

Governance of inter-state rivers in India suffers from various issues due to contextual federalism. Discuss. Also, highlight the mechanisms which can be utilised to resolve inter-state river water disputes in India.

Main Body

Governance of inter-state rivers in India suffers from various issues due to contextual federalism. Discuss. Also, highlight the mechanisms which can be utilised to resolve inter-state river water disputes in India. (250 words) 15 Inter-State river disputes remain as one of the most conflictual issues in Indian federalism. Reasons for Inter-State river dispute (1) Colonial legacy of disputes on river water (2) Rising water scarcity - Per capita water declined from 6000 m³ in 1947 to 1480 in 2021 (3) Dependence on rivers, for irrigation and agriculture Ex: 60%. irrigation from river water in Yamper Beam area.

4Inter State Water dispute were kept outside jurisdiction of Supreme Court (neutral arbitrator) (5) Politicisation of issue for vote bank & regionalism (6) Non-understanding among states to resolve issue Impact of dispute on Trust deficit in federalism Violence & deadly Kareeli dispute Mechanism to resolve river dispute (1) Setting up Inter-State Council to bring solution through negotiation (2) Interlinking of rivers to solve water deficit

3Setting up Water tribunal bound for neutral arbitrator (4) Scientific formula for sharing river water among states Way forward → Mihir Shah Committee Recommendation - Making water to concurrent list - DNA Approach - Dialogue - Negotiation - Action - Developing alternate models of irrigation based on agro-climatic zone 'Somvad', 'Samanwey' and 'Samadhan' is only way forward to solve inter Water disputes and enhance cooperative federalism

230 words1 paragraphs

Conclusion

'Somvad', 'Samanwey' and 'Samadhan' is only way forward to solve inter Water disputes and enhance cooperative federalism

17 words

Open original scan

Page 30

Topper

Pakshal Secretary

AIR 82071

Subject & Paper

GS2GS2

Topic

Federal Structure - Functions, Responsibilities, Devolution of Powers and Finances

Federalism

Inter-state river water disputes

Writing Stats

247

Total words

Paragraphs

policy-oriented with recommendations

Tone