How is Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) emerging as a business-led solution for addressing development challenges in India? (Answer in 150 words)

Corporate social Responsibility is statutory obligation under Companies Act 2013 for companies with Rs.500 crore net profit. Rs.1000 crore turnover, Rs.1100 crore net worth through 2% contribution of last 3 years profit. CSR as Business-led solution of development challenges: • Reducing Poverty - contribution of around Rs.12000 crore by firms for poverty alleviation and Rural infrastructure • Infrastructure Uplift - Tata & Jyotiprakash built oxygen plants during COVID19 ICU in cities region • Education - Projects like Nanikali by Mahindra for education of girl child • Health - augment health expenditure (& Vedanta's Swastha Gaon) Ahliyaban • Women empowerment - support inclusive growth and gender justice (& HDFC Aivivatan and product by Hindustan Unilever) • Achievement of SDG Goals - Tata has aligned its CSR projects along SDG goals (117 achievement till now) Concerns with CSR: Minimal approach - limited 2% Engagement - Uncertain Completing projects - without local need considered [Sector-1 Health2 Education ESR] Low development of HSCE CSR is an effective medium of development that need cluster-based approach local inputs in planning & joint projects (like Tata-ICICI on plantation) for a Vibrant Bharat 2047