How effective have the National Action Plan for Drug Demand Reduction (NAPDDR) and Nasha Mukti Bharat Abhiyan been in addressing substance abuse in India? (Answer in 150 words)

NAPDDR & Nasha Mukti Bharat Abhiyan have been launched to implement constitutional directive under Article 47. Needs of these policies: 1) Sensitisation of youth led to reduction in drug demand. 2) Facilitated youth empowerment through counselling & facilitation. 3) Effective law enforcement to enforce accountability has improved.

Outcomes/Gaps: 1) Inadequate public investment. 2) Gaps in implementation - bureaucratic red tape, ineffective fund utilization. 3) Inadequate destignmatization drives. 4) Manpower constraints. These limitations must be addressed to make India Nasha Mukti.