Examine the role of the Inter-state Council in promoting vertical (Centre-State) and horizontal (Inter-State) Intergovernmental cooperation and coordination.

Article 263 describes inter-state councils for fostering the federal spirit in India. Role of inter-state council in promoting coordination and cooperation. Vertical (Centre-State): Dealing with political issues. Some states rejected CAA-NRC. Economic cooperation is popularised as well. State disputes. Highlighting grievances of varied nature. Tamil Nadu over NEET bill. Dealing with vessel situations. Hood.

Horizontal (inter-state): Dialogue on inter-state boundary as junior disputes. Dealing with common issues. Eg Naxalism. Coming on a solution regarding disputes. Minimising litigation process in Supreme Court (Article 131). Supreme Court in Mohit Mineral case held that federalism is a dialogue and centre-state and inter-state must be equal participant. Inter-State council promotes it.