How far do you think Cooperation, Competition, and Confrontation have shaped the nature of Federalism in India? Cite some recent examples to validate.

Ans Nature of Indian federation is 'Quasi federal', 'Federal with unitary bias', a federation with centralizing tendency. Cooperation (1) GST Taxation powers: Both centre and states cooperate on levying & collecting taxes. For eg: GST Council, Income tax, Cooperation tax, etc. (2) Inter state Council: Both cooperate in policy making & resolving disputes, for eg: Policy on health, disaster etc (3) Centrally sponsored scheme: Centre and state share finances & implement scheme together: for eg: Smart cities mission Competition (1) Competition between states w.r.t ranking achieved by various bodies for eg: NITI Aayog's water management Index' ranking states. (2) Attracting Investments: Various states compete with each other in getting bigger share of investment, for eg: Campaign like 'Vibrant Gujarat', 'Invest in Maharashtra', etc (3) Tourism: States try to attract more tourists by developing better infrastructure, eg: Kedarnath & Kussy. Confrontational (1) Devolution of funds: Based on finance Commission. Southern states have better population control measures but they receive less funds compare to UPandgdh. (2) Role of Governor: Governors interferency in day to day functionality of states, for eg: Tamilnadu governor action of dismissing Council of minister without advice. Nature of Indian federation is such that it caters to both 'regional autonomy' and unity and integrity' using mechanisms of Cooperation, Competition and Confrontation