The power of pressure groups lies not in their size or elaborate organization, but in their ability to mobilize public opinion and create lasting change. With help of relevant examples, discuss how pressure groups shape public policy.

Pressure groups have played influential role in Indian scenario because of the issues raised & their vast impact. The numbers or performance of such groups has remained insignificant. Pressure groups shape public policy: 1) India against Corruption: The mass movement led by Anna Hazare led to introduction of Lokpal Act in the Parliament. 2) Narmada Bachao Andolan: The environmental movement led by Medha Patkaar raised issues of displacement of locals. 3) Clifton Andalan: Sunder lal Bahuguna raised voice of locals in Uttarkhand.

However pressure groups have been mired in controversies due to: 1) Political affiliations: Many informal pressure groups have implicit and explicit linkages to political parties. 2) Lack of internal democracy: Issues are raised according to the person at helm. 3) Regional spread/temporal significance: Issues are raised of local concern and of short-term significance, neglecting the need of development in long-term. The informal pressure groups have played a vital role in socialization of masses, raising significant issues of lasting concern. Therefore, they have acted as a safety-valve for the Indian democracy.