India's response to extremism needs to integrate soft approaches like socio-economic policies and dialogue along with hard security measures to address the root causes of Naxalism. Discuss.

Thus, while steps have been taken, there success remains limited. A comprehensive action plan with collaboration between state, center and local bodies along with NGOs and private sector is the need of the hour.

The controlled location of India as a source and a destination for drug trafficking between Golden Crescent and Golden Triangle creates numerous challenges for India.

Various dimensions of this challenge to India: (1) Impede the demographic dividend of the nation. (2) Lead to increased fiscal burden for wealth expenditure. (3) Drug trafficking has linkages with organized crime and terrorism. (4) Disturb the social harmony of the nation. (5) Drug trafficking often used to launder money impacting economic sovereignty of nation.

Multi-pronged approach: (1) Legal: strict law enforcement and corrective loopholes in acts like NDPS to prevent misuse. (2) Inter-agency co-ordination between police, Narcotics Control Bureau, etc. (3) Technology: using latest technology and infrastructure to catch law of drug controls. (4) International co-operation with neighbours to ensure it is a trans-national crime. (5) At social level, spreading awareness de-addiction camps, etc. Thus, a multi-pronged approach involving all stakeholders can help manage drug menace.

Left wing extremism Naxalism aims to overthrow the democratic elected state by violent uprising. At present, woody IS districts are impacted by LWE. Root Cause of LWE: (1) Poor governance and corruption leading to alienation of masses. (2) Large-scale displacement particularly of tribals due to development projects like dams. (3) Depriving tribals of their traditional forest rights and poor implementation of FRA, 2006. (4) Poor implementation of 5th and 6th Schedule of Constitution.

India's response to Naxalism heads to be multipronged. # Hard security measures to deal with after-effects: (1) Strengthening of local police within modern weaponry. (2) Scheme for modernization of police force. (3) Specialized doctrines for SAMADHAN doctrine. # Socio-economic policies to handle root cause: (1) Surrender-cum-rehabilitation policy. (2) Aspirational Districts Program to develop most backward districts. (3) Ensuring generation of employment and livelihood. (4) Empowerment of gram sabhas under PESA, 1996. Thus, a multipronged approach involving both security and development aspects is head of the hour.