Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) are pivotal to inclusive and efficient urban governance, yet they remain fiscally constrained and institutionally weak. Analyze.

74th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992 has mandated a three-tier government in India, with ULBs serving the need of the municipal council & corporations. ULBs pivotal for: A Inclusive governance (1) grassroot level of understanding of issues. (2) ensure participative Democracy - Indore ULB to implement Swaach Bharat Abhiyan. (3) Address social issues better - Vadnayam ULB discussing Devadasi, while Kota ULB discuss Students suicide. B Efficient Urban governance (1) Better management of Funds, functions & functionaries. (2) Scheme based fund allotment help reduce Funds. (3) Ensure Interactivity & work allocation better. (4) Ensure ART of democracy Accountability, Responsiveness & Transparency.