To what extent, in your opinion, has the 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act been successful in laying a foundation for participatory and inclusive governance at the grassroots level?
In line with Article-40 & Gandhian Principle of 'Gramodaya' in 1992, 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act was enacted to minister grassroots democracy by establishing Panchayati Raj Institution. Provision of 73rd Amendment:Voluntary by States (3) Regular Election after 5 years. (3) State Election Commission
Mandatory: (3) State Finance Commission so all for necessary for PRIs to function as local government. (5) Reservation for SC, ST for member & chairperson in Gram Sabha. (6) 33% reservation be women in number & chairperson. (7) 21 years age to lower-election. Positive Impact: (1) Build grassroot leadership & culture of debate & discussion. (2) Empowered women, SC, ST & OBCs by providing them leadership opportunity. (3) Promote participatory democracy & new-year ballot box democracy. (4) Brought Democracy for the doorstep of people.
Mandatory: (3) State Finance Commission so all for necessary for PRIs to function as local government. (5) Reservation for SC, ST for member & chairperson in Gram Sabha. (6) 33% reservation be women in number & chairperson. (7) 21 years age to lower-election. Positive Impact: (1) Build grassroot leadership & culture of debate & discussion. (2) Empowered women, SC, ST & OBCs by providing them leadership opportunity. (3) Promote participatory democracy & new-year ballot box democracy. (4) Brought Democracy for the doorstep of people. Challenges:(1) (3 F Problem) CARC-IIFundsMore than 93%.Funds from state & union deducted to long property tax.Functionalstate reluctant to transfer powers.No Activity matching idea.(2) Sociallyinherently parasitic.BR Ambedkar also negated PRIs due to parasitic village culture.Violence ignore umbrella. (E.g. Bhauros Devi Case)(3) Handwrittenreluctance to state powersJudicial, Colonial, Culinary Ruling Class under(4) PoliticalLeadership Hierarchy.
Challenge(1) (3 F Problem) CARC-IIFundsMore than 93%.Funds from state & union deducted to long property tax.Functionalstate reluctant to transfer powers.No Activity matching idea.(2) Sociallyinherently parasitic.BR Ambedkar also negated PRIs due to parasitic village culture.Violence ignore umbrella. (E.g. Bhauros Devi Case)(3) Handwrittenreluctance to state powersJudicial, Colonial, Culinary Ruling Class under(4) PoliticalLeadership Hierarchy. Thus, addressing above mentioned reform are necessary to really achieve 'Self-Reliant Village' Model.
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Conclusion
Thus, addressing above mentioned reform are necessary to really achieve 'Self-Reliant Village' Model.
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Diagram
Three-tier panchayat system showing Block Level, Gram Sabha, and hierarchy