Why is a robust and efficient subordinate judiciary crucial for the effective functioning of the entire judicial system? Also, examine the role of 'All India Judicial Services' (AIJS) in enhancing the effectiveness and efficiency of the Indian judiciary.

Judicial system structure: SC at apex, followed by HCs and series of subordinate courts, district courts, family courts, gram nyayalayas, tribunals. Reducing burden dealing with local issues from all HC (43 crores pending cases) -> Accessibility to justice (Article 32B), Robust & effective subordinate judiciary -> Bringing courts closer to women in judiciary, producing dignity of individual people.

Role of AIJS in enhancing the effectiveness and efficiency of Indian judiciary. The idea of AIJS was proposed by Law Commission of India with following benefits: - Judicial strength: improving judge-to-population ratio from 15 million to proposed 50 million. - Reduces case pending: are to national judicial data bank (93 crore case pending in subordinate judiciary). - Bring diversity: Judicial officers from all India services will bring diversity to the existing cadre of judiciary. - Democratization of justice.

Challenges/objections held against the implementation of AIJS. 1. Language barrier as none of the crucial in subordinate judiciary is carries out in local languages. 2. Central control: as AIJS used to be centrally controlled, it has invited objections from states. 3. Objections from the state judiciary, a fear of subordination in them. Way forward: Both centre and states along with judiciary must deliberate over improving the functioning of subordinate judiciary and clarify the intricacies of AIJS. Areas must be on making justice more accessible, affordable and inclusive.