NS

NIHARIKA SINHAAIR 365· 2025

Question 4cCommentGS2GS2

'The West is fostering India as an alternative to reduce dependence on China's supply chain and as an example of successful liberal democracy.' Comment.

Open scan (p.32)

Introduction

"Developing states" lack a fixed definition but as per World Bank classification, middle income countries (China, India, South Africa) are termed as developing states.

24 words

Main Body

corruption in developing states. Hence as a counter, post-colonial scholars such as Partha Chatterjee, Edward Said, Gayatri Spivak developed indigenous narratives to challenge western hegemony. However, Neera Chandhoke notes that even those categories and theories seek to overgeneralize. Colonial experience of each state (from Asia to Africa) was unique that shaped its developing trajectory. A different concept is however vital to support SDT, loss & damage fund, NIEO for a just and egalitarian world order.

75 words1 paragraphs

Conclusion

These states emerged as a result of decolonization, delayed industrialization, that require unique concepts to analyze them. The concepts of advanced industrial states such as Political modernization (Lucian Pye) cannot be blindly imposed on developing countries. Their unique, culture, "prismatic society" (Fred Riggs) and colonial experience necessitate newer theories for discerning them. Hence, against modernization theory, "dependency school" came up with World System theory (Immanuel Wallerstein). It portrays developing states as "peripheries" being exploited by core (developed nations). Further, colonial legacy, live an "overdeveloped" state (Hamza Alavi) and an underdeveloped civil society. Whereas, Western nations generally have minimalist state and thriving civil society (US, UK). Moreover, hydraentric theories, pin the blame of underdevelopment on the developing nations. Gunnar Myrdal's "soft state" blames it on indiscipline and A different concept is however vital to support SDT, loss & damage fund, NIEO for a just and egalitarian world order.

147 words

Topper

NIHARIKA SINHA

AIR 3652025PSIR

Subject & Paper

GS2GS2

Topic

Effect of Policies of Developed/Developing Countries and Indian Diaspora

India as an Alternative to China

Developing States - Definition and Theories

Writing Stats

246

Total words

1

Paragraphs

analytical

Tone