What are environmental pressure groups? Discuss their role in raising awareness, influencing policies...

Interest groups are indispensable in pluralist societies (Robert Dahl). As important units, they engage in "interest articulation" (Almond & Powell) of the group they represent. It is the interest that decides membership, goals and methods. For example, CII, India Inc comprise of

business firms. Similarly, BKS farmers, AITUC workers and others define their membership. Their goals are based upon the current political scenario, policies, their grievances and demands. For example, CII US argues for greater ease of doing business. Bhartiya Kisan Sangh BKS demanded for statutory recognition to MSP. Their methods depend upon what is most feasible as per political culture. Business interest group lobby from within due to their economic power (Galbraith and Lindblom). Lesser prominent interest groups also lobby but they are more prone to protest,

digital activism, etc (eg- India Against Corruption). Still others take the legal route due to judicial activism (eg- ADR, PUCL). Thus, in polyarchy, interest groups go beyond political parties who are engrossed with "electoral politics" (Paul Brass). Their non-political nature have provided them legitimacy as "disillenment with organized politics" Kothari groups. Interest groups are unique now for democratic responsiveness and accountability. It shifts the power dynamics in favour of citizens and promotes civic culture (Almond & Verba).