The Indian Constitution does not embody a strict separation of powers rather it introduces a system of checks and balances, with overlapping functions and interdependencies among the legislature, executive, and judiciary. Elaborate.

Supreme Court in Ramakumar Jawaliy Case specified that India does not follow a strict separation of powers. Indian Constitution - a cyclic system of checks and balances i Judiciary and Executive: - Executive can appoint judicial judges as per the third code judgeship (Art 124) - Judiciary can maintain executive dynamics by declaring ordinances null and void (Art 123) ii Judiciary and Legislature: - Legislature Parliament can impeach judicial judges in case of violation of constitution (both High Court and Supreme Court judges) - However, independence maintained through Art 121 (bar on discussing judici behaviour) and Art 122 (except Parliament procedure) iii Executive and Legislature: - Executive (Council of Ministers) responsible to legislature collectively under Art 75 - Legislature constitutes council of ministers, bills can belong to lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha - Executive can advise President to dissolve legislature, while Lok Sabha can pass no-confidence motion Hence, a balanced system of checks, dependence and interdependencies maintain the balance.