Question Q.17GS1GS2

What are the geographical factors responsible for the growth of mangrove vegetation in India? Also highlight its role in coastal ecology.

Main Body

Mangroves are ecotone species that grow between terrestrial and marine ecosystems. Geographical factors responsible for mangrove growth: (1) Brackish waters: with salinity about 25 ppm. (2) High temperatures > 28°C. (3) High relative humidity for greater precipitation. (4) Oceanic proximity needed for growth. (5) Tidal range with low tides below 6m. E High evaporation and transpiration. (7) Soil fertility with excessive soil nutrients for growth. (8) Not cold regions as cannot survive in freezing conditions. (9) Tropical region and avid latitude of 10°-30°N & S. (10) Low winds/pressure on mangrove to modify.

Role in coastal ecology: (1) Carbon sink and sequestration (by 257 of land based carbon in peatlands is FAO). (2) Nutrient recycling by mangroves. (3) Riparian buffer: water purification from heavy pollutants & toxinsmg/kg de. (4) Shell absorber as input of tsunami, floods, tides etc. (By en Biohuaranta notes from floods & cyclones). (5) Marine biodiversity and habitat protection (By huge levels, fishes, shrimps, Bengal tiger, crocodile etc). (2) Livelihoods for coastal community (By Fishing, aquaculture, Timber). (4) Food security and medicinal use Available. (5) Recreation and tourismmangrove walks, ornamental fishing. A O2 supply and maintain balance in environment.

Threats: UrbanisationPlastic waste, lumbering, Shrimp cultivation UNIESCO - 3-5% reduced. Way Forward: (1) Gujarat model - Fish bone technique cultivation. (2) International - Mangrove For future collaborative - MACCOP26. (3) Community engagementVom Rabidaths Audit.

235 words1 paragraphs

Diagram

Figure showing Mangrove distribution in coastal regions with labels indicating Kalimere, Sundarbans, and other major mangrove regions of India

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Page 41

Topper

KRUPA A JAIN

AIR 1902025

Subject & Paper

GS1GS2

Topic

Indian Constitution - Historical Underpinnings, Evolution, Features, Amendments, Significant Provisions and Basic Structure

Significant Provisions

Mangrove Vegetation and Coastal Ecology

Writing Stats

235

Total words

Paragraphs