Discuss the various administrative challenges faced by local self-governments (LSGs). What measures do you suggest for devolving administrative powers to LSGs, enabling them to function as institutions of genuine self-governance?

The 73rd and 74th Constitution Amendment (1992) led to creating amenities for fundamental governance giving LSGs to Gram Sabhas under Article 40 to Gramsabha registration. Administrative Challenges faced by LSGs. 1. Lack of dedicated work force/cadre - deficit in No. of personnel in LSGs. 2. Lack of BSF - funds/functions as one functionaries or 'development of responsibility without authority'.

3. Uneven devolution of functions by different state govt. 4. Sarpanch literacy culture - farming the very objective of women empowerment. 5. Functionality - Article F - closed by elected paralise procedures also. (C2) BWSGs - sometimes loads against BPMP (the ULBs) in Bangalore. 6. Lack of skilled manpower (C3) studying Panchayet by uneven weightage by non-professional RSOs can handle computer. 7. Infrastructure delay - only (353) of PRIs have separate building and computer systems. 8. Tiered funds by centre/state govt - lack of clarity leading institutions.

Measures Needed (1) Dedicated cadre for LSGs - on the line of China. (2) Institutionalized training programme. (3) Dealing against sarpanch caste culture. (4) Monitoring freezing of women reserved seats for 2-3 cycles. (5) development of funds via GST and Central Finance Commission - recommended by VIJAY KELKAR committee. (6) self-revenue generating power perfection via Swamitva Yojana. (7) Phased closure of 35 parastate bodies. The PRIs/ULBs are the vision of Gandhi's Ram Rajya. Before, there should be a top priority.