Despite constitutional backing to the institutions of local governance, the idea of decentralisation has remained hostage to several structural bottlenecks. Elucidate.

Local governance and PRI was given constitutional backing by 73rd and 74th CAA in 1992. It led to establishment of institutional mechanism for framing and functioning of PRF in India. Still, the PRS system is plagued with the problems of funds, functions and functionaries. As per Manishankar Aiyar committee PRS has resulted in decentralisation corruption rather than decentralisation of governance. Challenges to local governance: I Finance & Local governments is the state matter and states are themselves dependent on centre for funds making them reluctant to fund PRFs. Also, No scope for tax older central taxes and for indirect taxes, this has resulted in no revenue scheme for any local governance institutions.

for tax older central taxes and for indirect taxes, this has resulted in no revenue scheme for any local governance institutions (2) Delegation of functions - out of all the listed function in 11th and 12th schedule state governments have made very few functions to the local governments affect the purpose of the act (3) Indifferent Bureaucracy - Bureaucracy is indifferent to the demands of local representatives and local issues and acts in in a manner while planning and fund release (4) Corruption & Beauracrat - politician nexus has resulted in increased corruption of local level (5) Lack of skill and training - local representatives lack knowledge of planning and development making them dependent on bureaucrats. (6) No significant independent revenue source and

local institutions have to depend on the grants and loans from state government (5) Parallel schemes - Funds are given through special purpose vehicles or some scheme of central government reducing local participation and freedom with planning and finance (6) Lack of infrastructure - Many gramaanghats lack basic facilities like computer. Some gramaanghats didn't even have building or other (7) Feudal society in rural areas public still dominated by upper castes which prevents participation of marginalised sector weakening the democratisation of local govance. these structural deficiencies will only be traced by the combined effort of Government, Bureaucracy and Society