What are the reasons behind the limited success of the co-operative movement? How can co-operatives be made more effective in fostering rural development?

The 97th constitutional amendment act had given constitutional status to cooperatives and their management, keeping in mind the potential the cooperative movement in bringing change. b AMUL movement Reasons for limited success: (1) Politicization of large cooperatives - where key appointments are based on political interest ii Limited social capital - people in many places are unwilling to work together due to socio-economic differences (class, caste) (2) Bureaucratization of the cooperative - had led to hampering of democratic functioning of the bodies (4) Non-transparent functioning - not submitting audit reports, non-regular board meetings etc. (5) Regional imbalance - limited experience in North East India.